Canadians built their major cities in the nineteenth century with animals in mind. They were places intended to facilitate symbiosis between people and their domestic animals and exclude wild animals. During the twentieth century, Canadians worked to extirpate most of their domestic animals from the urban environment (except for those used for pleasure or companionship). This project aims to understand how these historical changes in urban human-animal relations transformed cities and changed human ideas about their relationship with non-human nature.